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| 15,000 to 10,000 years ago |
| | | Hunter-gatherers gradually extend their territory far into South America | |
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| 8000 BC |
| | | As the ice cap recedes, hunter-gatherers move up the eastern side of America into Newfoundland and the prairie provinces of Canada | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | As temperatures warm, the sea level rises, submerging the Bering land bridge and isolating the Siberian immigrants as the aboriginal Americans | |
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| 5000 BC |
| | | Human groups adapt to the conditions of northern Canada and then Greenland, living mainly as hunters of marine mammals | |
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| c. 5000 BC |
| | | Squash and chili are the first plants to be cultivated in America, in the Tehuácan valley in modern Mexico | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The llama and the alpaca, two south American members of the camel family, are domesticated | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Complex societies, with sophisticated temple architecture, develop at sites such as Aspero and Caral in the Norte Chico region of Peru | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The inhabitants of Huaca Prieta grow cotton, from which they weave a coarse cloth | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Medicine men in Peru practise trephination, cuttting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients | |
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